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1 strict neutrality
Общая лексика: строгий нейтралитет -
2 strict neutrality
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3 Strict neutrality
حياد كامل -
4 observe strict neutrality
Общая лексика: соблюдать строгий нейтралитетУниверсальный англо-русский словарь > observe strict neutrality
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5 to observe strict neutrality
English-russian dctionary of diplomacy > to observe strict neutrality
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6 strict
adjective1) (firm) streng; strenggläubig [Katholik, Moslem usw.]2) (precise) streng; genau [Übersetzung]in the strict sense [of the word] — im strengen Sinn[e] [des Wortes]
* * *[strikt]1) (severe, stern, and compelling obedience: This class needs a strict teacher; His parents were very strict with him; The school rules are too strict; strict orders.) streng2) (exact or precise: If the strict truth were known, he was drunk, not ill.) genau•- academic.ru/71273/strictness">strictness- strictly
- strictly speaking* * *[strɪkt]▪ to be \strict with sb streng zu jdm sein, mit jdm streng sein\strict penalty harte Strafe\strict upbringing strenge Erziehung2. (demanding compliance) streng, genauthere is \strict enforcement of the regulations here hier wird streng auf die Einhaltung der Vorschriften geachtet\strict censorship strenge Zensur\strict controls strikte Kontrollen\strict conventions strenge Konventionen\strict criteria rigorose Kriterien\strict curfew strenge Ausgangssperre\strict deadline unbedingt einzuhaltender Termin\strict guidelines strenge Richtlinien\strict laws strenge Gesetze\strict time limit festgesetzte Frist\strict neutrality strikte Neutralitätto give \strict orders strenge Anweisungen geben3. (absolute) streng, absolutin its \strict sense ‘frost’ refers to... strenggenommen bezeichnet das Wort ‚Frost‘...in the \strictest confidence [or confidentiality] streng vertraulichto take place in \strict secrecy unter absoluter Geheimhaltung stattfinden4. (unswerving) streng\strict Catholics strenggläubige Katholiken\strict vegetarian überzeugter Vegetarier/überzeugte Vegetarierin* * *[strɪkt]adj (+er)1) (= stern, severe) law, parent, principles, judge etc streng; order, ban, discipline strikt, streng; obedience absolut, strikt; Catholic strenggläubigthey're very strict about timekeeping — es wird streng auf Pünktlichkeit geachtet
2) (= precise) streng; accuracy, neutrality, secrecy absolut, streng; translation, meaning genauin the strict sense of the word —
in (the) strictest confidence — in strengster Vertraulichkeit, strengstens vertraulich
* * *strict [strıkt] adj1. strikt, streng (Disziplin, Neutralität etc):in strict confidence streng vertraulich;keep a strict watch over sb jemanden streng bewachen2. streng (Gesetz, Sitten etc)3. streng, genau:in the strict sense im strengen Sinn;strictly speaking genau genommen4. streng, exakt, präzise* * *adjective1) (firm) streng; strenggläubig [Katholik, Moslem usw.]2) (precise) streng; genau [Übersetzung]in the strict sense [of the word] — im strengen Sinn[e] [des Wortes]
* * *adj.genau adj.streng adj. -
7 neutrality
nju:ˈtrælɪtɪ сущ. нейтралитет to declare one's neutrality ≈ заявлять о своем нейтралитете strict neutrality ≈ строгий нейтралитет to maintain neutrality, observe neutrality ≈ сохранять нейтралитет armed neutrality ≈ вооруженный нейтралитет нейтралитет - armed * вооруженный нейтралитет - the continous * of Switzerland постоянный нейтралитет Швейцарии беспристрастие, беспристрастность - * of a judge беспристрастность судьи отсутствие определенного мнения;
безразличие, безучастность( специальное) нейтральность ~ нейтралитет;
armed neutrality вооруженный нейтралитет neutrality беспристрастность ~ нейтралитет ~ нейтралитет;
armed neutrality вооруженный нейтралитет ~ in respect of competition нейтралитет с точки зрения конкуренции ~ in respect of competition неучастие в конкуренции tax ~ налоговый нейтралитетБольшой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > neutrality
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8 strict
суворий; неухильний; чіткий, точний; вузький, обмежувальний, рестриктивний ( про тлумачення)- strict censorship
- strict construction
- strict constructionist
- strict definition
- strict disciplinarian method
- strict discipline
- strict enforcement
- strict enforcement of law
- strict equality
- strict foreclosure
- strict imprisonment
- strict inquiry
- strict interpretation
- strict liability
- strict liability offence
- strict liability offense
- strict neutrality
- strict observance
- strict observance of customs
- strict observance of laws
- strict observance of legality
- strict penalty
- strict provision
- strict rule
- strict-security
- strict-security camp -
9 strict
strikt1) (severe, stern, and compelling obedience: This class needs a strict teacher; His parents were very strict with him; The school rules are too strict; strict orders.) streng2) (exact or precise: If the strict truth were known, he was drunk, not ill.) nøyaktig•- strictly
- strictly speakingalvorlig--------streng--------strengtadj. \/strɪkt\/1) streng, strikt, hardhan er streng, men rettferdig2) nøyaktig, nøye, bestemt, rigorøs3) absolutt, eksakt, fullstendig4) ( botanikk) oppreist, stående, stivbe strict about holde strengt påin a strict sense i egentlig forstandin (the) strictest confidence i dypeste fortrolighetkeep a strict hand over someone behandle noen med fast hånd, ha streng kontroll med noenstrict about nøye medstrict neutrality streng nøytralitetstrict with streng mot, streng med -
10 strict
[strɪkt] adjto be \strict with sb streng zu jdm sein, mit jdm streng sein;\strict penalty harte Strafe;\strict upbringing strenge Erziehung2) ( demanding compliance) streng, genau;there is \strict enforcement of the regulations here hier wird streng auf die Einhaltung der Vorschriften geachtet;\strict censorship strenge Zensur;\strict controls strikte Kontrollen;\strict conventions strenge Konventionen;\strict criteria rigorose Kriterien;\strict curfew strenge Ausgangssperre;\strict deadline unbedingt einzuhaltender Termin;\strict guidelines strenge Richtlinien;\strict laws strenge Gesetze;\strict time limit festgesetzte Frist;\strict neutrality strikte Neutralität;to give \strict orders strenge Anweisungen geben3) ( absolute) streng, absolut;in its \strict sense ‘frost’ refers to... streng genommen bezeichnet das Wort ‚Frost‘...;to take place in \strict secrecy unter absoluter Geheimhaltung stattfinden4) ( unswerving) streng;\strict Catholics strenggläubige Katholiken;\strict vegetarian überzeugter Vegetarier/überzeugte Vegetarierin -
11 strict
[strıkt] a1. точный, определённый, строгий, не допускающий отклоненийstrict system [diet, rule] - строгая система [диета, -ое правило]
in the strict [in the strictest] sense (of the word) - в [самом] строгом смысле (слова)
strict construction - узкое /буквальное/ толкование (закона, конституции)
in strict confidence - строго /совершенно/ конфиденциально
2. строгий, требовательный, взыскательный, суровый, не допускающий снисхожденияstrict teacher [censorship, discipline, parents] - строгий учитель [-ая цензура, -ая дисциплина, -ие родители]
to be strict with smb. - быть строгим с кем-л., строго обращаться с кем-л., строго относиться к кому-л.
to keep strict watch (over smb.) - строго /тщательно/ следить (за кем-л.)
to live in strict seclusion - жить в строгом /суровом/ уединении
♢
strict settlement - юр. семейная собственность, переходящая по наследству по мужской линии -
12 neutrality
[njuː'trælətɪ]сущ.to maintain neutrality, to observe neutrality — сохранять нейтралитет
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13 strict
aточный, определённый, строгий, не допускающий отклонений -
14 strict
adj точний, певний; суворий; що не допускає відхилень- to observe strict neutrality дотримуватися строгого нейтралітету- in strict confidence строго, цілком конфіденційно, таємно -
15 strict
strɪkt прил.
1) определенный, точный Syn: exact, precise
2) строгий, требовательный Syn: exacting, exigent точный, определенный, строгий, не допускающий отклонений - * system строгая система - the * truth истинная правда - the * import of the word точное значение слова - in the * sense( of the word) в строгом смысле( слова) - * construction узкое /буквальное/ толкование( закона, конституции) - in * confidence строго /совершенно/ конфиденциально - to observe * neutrality соблюдать строгий нейтралитет строгий, требовательный, взыскательный, суровый, не допускающий снисхождения - * teacher строгий учитель - * investigation тщательное расследование - to be * with smb. быть строгим с кем-л., строго обращаться с кем-л., строго относиться к кому-л. - to keep * watch( over smb.) строго /тщательно/ следить( за кем-л.) - to give * orders приказывать строго-настрого - to live in * seclusion жить в строгом /суровом/ уединении > * settlement (юридическое) семейная собственность, переходящая по наследству по мужской линии ~ строгий, требовательный;
he was given strict orders ему было строго-настрого приказано ~ точный, определенный;
strict truth истинная правда;
in the strict sense в строгом смысле strict не допускающий отклонений ~ определенный ~ строгий, требовательный;
he was given strict orders ему было строго-настрого приказано ~ строгий, требовательный ~ строгий ~ точный, определенный;
strict truth истинная правда;
in the strict sense в строгом смысле ~ точный, определенный ~ точный ~ требовательный ~ точный, определенный;
strict truth истинная правда;
in the strict sense в строгом смысле -
16 strict
ks. 1 keras (discipline, orders). 2 sempurna (neutrality). 3 tepat (meaning/tense of the word). 4 teliti, seksama (reasoning). -strictly kk. dengan keras. Smoking is s. prohibited Dilarang keras merokok. -
17 суворий нейтралітет
Українсько-англійський юридичний словник > суворий нейтралітет
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18 streng nøytralitet
strict neutrality -
19 нейтралитет
нарушать нейтралитет — to break / to violate neutrality
подтвердить позицию нейтралитета — to affirm (one's) attitude of neutrality
принимать на себя обязанности, связанные с нейтралитетом — to bear the duties of neutrality
соблюдать / сохранять нейтралитет — to remain neutral, to uphold / to maintain / to preserve / to safeguard neutrality; to sit / to ride on the fence; to straddle the fence амер.
уважать нейтралитет — to respect neutrality / the neutrality (of)
благожелательный / дружественный нейтралитет — benevolent neutrality
объявить постоянный нейтралитет — to declare / to proclaim permanent neutrality
декларация о нейтралитете — proclamation / declaration of neutrality
в нарушение нейтралитета — in violation / violence of neutrality
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20 World War II
(1939-1945)In the European phase of the war, neutral Portugal contributed more to the Allied victory than historians have acknowledged. Portugal experienced severe pressures to compromise her neutrality from both the Axis and Allied powers and, on several occasions, there were efforts to force Portugal to enter the war as a belligerent. Several factors lent Portugal importance as a neutral. This was especially the case during the period from the fall of France in June 1940 to the Allied invasion and reconquest of France from June to August 1944.In four respects, Portugal became briefly a modest strategic asset for the Allies and a war materiel supplier for both sides: the country's location in the southwesternmost corner of the largely German-occupied European continent; being a transport and communication terminus, observation post for spies, and crossroads between Europe, the Atlantic, the Americas, and Africa; Portugal's strategically located Atlantic islands, the Azores, Madeira, and Cape Verde archipelagos; and having important mines of wolfram or tungsten ore, crucial for the war industry for hardening steel.To maintain strict neutrality, the Estado Novo regime dominated by Antônio de Oliveira Salazar performed a delicate balancing act. Lisbon attempted to please and cater to the interests of both sets of belligerents, but only to the extent that the concessions granted would not threaten Portugal's security or its status as a neutral. On at least two occasions, Portugal's neutrality status was threatened. First, Germany briefly considered invading Portugal and Spain during 1940-41. A second occasion came in 1943 and 1944 as Great Britain, backed by the United States, pressured Portugal to grant war-related concessions that threatened Portugal's status of strict neutrality and would possibly bring Portugal into the war on the Allied side. Nazi Germany's plan ("Operation Felix") to invade the Iberian Peninsula from late 1940 into 1941 was never executed, but the Allies occupied and used several air and naval bases in Portugal's Azores Islands.The second major crisis for Portugal's neutrality came with increasing Allied pressures for concessions from the summer of 1943 to the summer of 1944. Led by Britain, Portugal's oldest ally, Portugal was pressured to grant access to air and naval bases in the Azores Islands. Such bases were necessary to assist the Allies in winning the Battle of the Atlantic, the naval war in which German U-boats continued to destroy Allied shipping. In October 1943, following tedious negotiations, British forces began to operate such bases and, in November 1944, American forces were allowed to enter the islands. Germany protested and made threats, but there was no German attack.Tensions rose again in the spring of 1944, when the Allies demanded that Lisbon cease exporting wolfram to Germany. Salazar grew agitated, considered resigning, and argued that Portugal had made a solemn promise to Germany that wolfram exports would be continued and that Portugal could not break its pledge. The Portuguese ambassador in London concluded that the shipping of wolfram to Germany was "the price of neutrality." Fearing that a still-dangerous Germany could still attack Portugal, Salazar ordered the banning of the mining, sale, and exports of wolfram not only to Germany but to the Allies as of 6 June 1944.Portugal did not enter the war as a belligerent, and its forces did not engage in combat, but some Portuguese experienced directly or indirectly the impact of fighting. Off Portugal or near her Atlantic islands, Portuguese naval personnel or commercial fishermen rescued at sea hundreds of victims of U-boat sinkings of Allied shipping in the Atlantic. German U-boats sank four or five Portuguese merchant vessels as well and, in 1944, a U-boat stopped, boarded, searched, and forced the evacuation of a Portuguese ocean liner, the Serpa Pinto, in mid-Atlantic. Filled with refugees, the liner was not sunk but several passengers lost their lives and the U-boat kidnapped two of the ship's passengers, Portuguese Americans of military age, and interned them in a prison camp. As for involvement in a theater of war, hundreds of inhabitants were killed and wounded in remote East Timor, a Portuguese colony near Indonesia, which was invaded, annexed, and ruled by Japanese forces between February 1942 and August 1945. In other incidents, scores of Allied military planes, out of fuel or damaged in air combat, crashed or were forced to land in neutral Portugal. Air personnel who did not survive such crashes were buried in Portuguese cemeteries or in the English Cemetery, Lisbon.Portugal's peripheral involvement in largely nonbelligerent aspects of the war accelerated social, economic, and political change in Portugal's urban society. It strengthened political opposition to the dictatorship among intellectual and working classes, and it obliged the regime to bolster political repression. The general economic and financial status of Portugal, too, underwent improvements since creditor Britain, in order to purchase wolfram, foods, and other materials needed during the war, became indebted to Portugal. When Britain repaid this debt after the war, Portugal was able to restore and expand its merchant fleet. Unlike most of Europe, ravaged by the worst war in human history, Portugal did not suffer heavy losses of human life, infrastructure, and property. Unlike even her neighbor Spain, badly shaken by its terrible Civil War (1936-39), Portugal's immediate postwar condition was more favorable, especially in urban areas, although deep-seated poverty remained.Portugal experienced other effects, especially during 1939-42, as there was an influx of about a million war refugees, an infestation of foreign spies and other secret agents from 60 secret intelligence services, and the residence of scores of international journalists who came to report the war from Lisbon. There was also the growth of war-related mining (especially wolfram and tin). Portugal's media eagerly reported the war and, by and large, despite government censorship, the Portuguese print media favored the Allied cause. Portugal's standard of living underwent some improvement, although price increases were unpopular.The silent invasion of several thousand foreign spies, in addition to the hiring of many Portuguese as informants and spies, had fascinating outcomes. "Spyland" Portugal, especially when Portugal was a key point for communicating with occupied Europe (1940-44), witnessed some unusual events, and spying for foreigners at least briefly became a national industry. Until mid-1944, when Allied forces invaded France, Portugal was the only secure entry point from across the Atlantic to Europe or to the British Isles, as well as the escape hatch for refugees, spies, defectors, and others fleeing occupied Europe or Vichy-controlled Morocco, Tunisia, and Algeria. Through Portugal by car, ship, train, or scheduled civil airliner one could travel to and from Spain or to Britain, or one could leave through Portugal, the westernmost continental country of Europe, to seek refuge across the Atlantic in the Americas.The wartime Portuguese scene was a colorful melange of illegal activities, including espionage, the black market, war propaganda, gambling, speculation, currency counterfeiting, diamond and wolfram smuggling, prostitution, and the drug and arms trade, and they were conducted by an unusual cast of characters. These included refugees, some of whom were spies, smugglers, diplomats, and business people, many from foreign countries seeking things they could find only in Portugal: information, affordable food, shelter, and security. German agents who contacted Allied sailors in the port of Lisbon sought to corrupt and neutralize these men and, if possible, recruit them as spies, and British intelligence countered this effort. Britain's MI-6 established a new kind of "safe house" to protect such Allied crews from German espionage and venereal disease infection, an approved and controlled house of prostitution in Lisbon's bairro alto district.Foreign observers and writers were impressed with the exotic, spy-ridden scene in Lisbon, as well as in Estoril on the Sun Coast (Costa do Sol), west of Lisbon harbor. What they observed appeared in noted autobiographical works and novels, some written during and some after the war. Among notable writers and journalists who visited or resided in wartime Portugal were Hungarian writer and former communist Arthur Koestler, on the run from the Nazi's Gestapo; American radio broadcaster-journalist Eric Sevareid; novelist and Hollywood script-writer Frederick Prokosch; American diplomat George Kennan; Rumanian cultural attache and later scholar of mythology Mircea Eliade; and British naval intelligence officer and novelist-to-be Ian Fleming. Other notable visiting British intelligence officers included novelist Graham Greene; secret Soviet agent in MI-6 and future defector to the Soviet Union Harold "Kim" Philby; and writer Malcolm Muggeridge. French letters were represented by French writer and airman, Antoine Saint-Exupery and French playwright, Jean Giroudoux. Finally, Aquilino Ribeiro, one of Portugal's premier contemporary novelists, wrote about wartime Portugal, including one sensational novel, Volframio, which portrayed the profound impact of the exploitation of the mineral wolfram on Portugal's poor, still backward society.In Estoril, Portugal, the idea for the world's most celebrated fictitious spy, James Bond, was probably first conceived by Ian Fleming. Fleming visited Portugal several times after 1939 on Naval Intelligence missions, and later he dreamed up the James Bond character and stories. Background for the early novels in the James Bond series was based in part on people and places Fleming observed in Portugal. A key location in Fleming's first James Bond novel, Casino Royale (1953) is the gambling Casino of Estoril. In addition, one aspect of the main plot, the notion that a spy could invent "secret" intelligence for personal profit, was observed as well by the British novelist and former MI-6 officer, while engaged in operations in wartime Portugal. Greene later used this information in his 1958 spy novel, Our Man in Havana, as he observed enemy agents who fabricated "secrets" for money.Thus, Portugal's World War II experiences introduced the country and her people to a host of new peoples, ideas, products, and influences that altered attitudes and quickened the pace of change in this quiet, largely tradition-bound, isolated country. The 1943-45 connections established during the Allied use of air and naval bases in Portugal's Azores Islands were a prelude to Portugal's postwar membership in the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO).
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См. также в других словарях:
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